It is commonly known that light somehow consists both of light waves and also particle-like photons. It also provides us with an account of matter in the form of radiation, such as light. Quantum theory provides us our best account of these particles. The ordinary matter of tables and chairs, omelettes and elephants is made up of particles, like electrons, protons and neutrons. Quantum theory is a theory of matter or more precisely it is a theory of the small components that comprise familiar matter. While some versions of quantum theory are set within in the spacetimes of general relativity, a complete adaptation of quantum theory and Einstein's general theory of relativity remains beyond our grasp. Most standard quantum theories are formulated within spaces and times that conform to Einstein's special theory of relativity or even just to Newton's account. The standard quantum theory we shall consider here makes no changes to the ideas of space and time of relativity theory. Quantum theory gives us our best account of nature in the very small. Relativistic cosmology prevails over enormous distancesĬlassical Newtonian physics also breaks down when we consider very small systems, such as individual atoms and the particles from which they are made. General relativity prevails in domains of very strong gravitation. Special relativity prevails in domains of very high speeds. Classical Newtonian physics fails when we have systems that travel very fast, or we journey into very strong gravity, or we consider cosmic expanses of space. Read as much as you like! In a NutshellĮach of the theories we have dealt with soįar show us how classical theories break down when we proceed to realms remote from common experience. This book covers very similar ground to this chapter, but in greater detail. de Broglie and Schroedinger's Matter Wavesīackground Reading: J.Max Planck and the Problem of Black Body Radiation.
Theories of Matter at the End of the Nineteenth Century.
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